From 440d4dc270ac33348f2aeed7fbafddfe284acabe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ariver <shanghai3168@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 16:04:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Recover SmartStart 7.2.0 build 738

---
 Apptag/DataLayer.swift |  769 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 files changed, 734 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Apptag/DataLayer.swift b/Apptag/DataLayer.swift
index eacfa1d..518258d 100644
--- a/Apptag/DataLayer.swift
+++ b/Apptag/DataLayer.swift
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        return apps.sorted {
+        return deduplicated(apps).sorted {
             $0.name.localizedStandardCompare($1.name) == .orderedAscending
         }
     }
@@ -127,7 +127,10 @@
         guard url.pathExtension.lowercased() == "app" else { return }
 
         let displayURL = url.standardizedFileURL
+        guard !isNestedInsideAppBundle(displayURL) else { return }
+
         let resolvedURL = displayURL.resolvingSymlinksInPath().standardizedFileURL
+        guard !isNestedInsideAppBundle(resolvedURL) else { return }
         guard seenResolvedPaths.insert(resolvedURL.path).inserted else { return }
 
         let name = displayURL.deletingPathExtension().lastPathComponent
@@ -146,6 +149,64 @@
         ))
     }
 
+    private static func isNestedInsideAppBundle(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
+        let components = url.standardizedFileURL.pathComponents
+        guard let lastAppIndex = components.lastIndex(where: { $0.lowercased().hasSuffix(".app") }) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return components[..<lastAppIndex].contains { $0.lowercased().hasSuffix(".app") }
+    }
+
+    private static func deduplicated(_ apps: [AppInfo]) -> [AppInfo] {
+        apps.reduce(into: [String: AppInfo]()) { result, app in
+            let identity = deduplicationIdentity(for: app)
+            guard let existing = result[identity] else {
+                result[identity] = app
+                return
+            }
+            if appDeduplicationScore(app) > appDeduplicationScore(existing) {
+                result[identity] = app
+            }
+        }
+        .values
+        .map { $0 }
+    }
+
+    private static func deduplicationIdentity(for app: AppInfo) -> String {
+        if let bundleIdentifier = app.bundleIdentifier?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines),
+           !bundleIdentifier.isEmpty {
+            return "bundle:\(bundleIdentifier.lowercased())"
+        }
+        return "name:\(normalizedAppName(app.name))"
+    }
+
+    private static func normalizedAppName(_ name: String) -> String {
+        name
+            .folding(options: [.diacriticInsensitive, .caseInsensitive], locale: .current)
+            .lowercased()
+            .components(separatedBy: CharacterSet.alphanumerics.inverted)
+            .filter { !$0.isEmpty }
+            .joined(separator: "-")
+    }
+
+    private static func appDeduplicationScore(_ app: AppInfo) -> Int {
+        let path = app.path.path
+        var score = 0
+
+        if path.hasPrefix("/Applications/") { score += 500 }
+        if path.hasPrefix(FileManager.default.homeDirectoryForCurrentUser.appendingPathComponent("Applications").path + "/") {
+            score += 450
+        }
+        if path.hasPrefix("/System/Applications/") { score += 400 }
+        if path.hasPrefix("/System/Cryptexes/") { score += 250 }
+        if path.hasPrefix("/System/Volumes/Preboot/") { score += 200 }
+        if app.bundleIdentifier?.isEmpty == false { score += 50 }
+        if path.split(separator: "/").count <= 3 { score += 25 }
+        if isSystemAppPath(path) { score -= 10 }
+
+        return score
+    }
+
     /// Group apps by their tags (from TagDatabase).
     /// Groups are sorted by tagOrder (user-defined), falling back to alpha.
     static func group(
@@ -156,15 +217,16 @@
     ) -> [TagGroup] {
         let macCategory = "Mac自带"
         var dict: [String: [AppInfo]] = [:]
+        var seenAppIDsByGroup: [String: Set<URL>] = [:]
 
         for app in apps {
             if app.tags.isEmpty {
                 let bucket = app.isAppleApp ? macCategory : defaultGroupName
-                dict[bucket, default: []].append(app)
+                appendGroupedApp(app, to: bucket, groups: &dict, seenAppIDsByGroup: &seenAppIDsByGroup)
             } else {
-                for tag in app.tags {
+                for tag in uniqueOrdered(app.tags) {
                     let displayName = nameOverrides[tag] ?? tag
-                    dict[displayName, default: []].append(app)
+                    appendGroupedApp(app, to: displayName, groups: &dict, seenAppIDsByGroup: &seenAppIDsByGroup)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -189,6 +251,22 @@
             }
             .map { TagGroup(name: $0.key, apps: $0.value) }
     }
+
+    private static func appendGroupedApp(
+        _ app: AppInfo,
+        to groupName: String,
+        groups: inout [String: [AppInfo]],
+        seenAppIDsByGroup: inout [String: Set<URL>]
+    ) {
+        if seenAppIDsByGroup[groupName, default: []].insert(app.id).inserted {
+            groups[groupName, default: []].append(app)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static func uniqueOrdered(_ values: [String]) -> [String] {
+        var seen = Set<String>()
+        return values.filter { seen.insert($0).inserted }
+    }
 }
 
 enum TagDatabase {
@@ -205,6 +283,7 @@
 
     struct TagDef: Codable, Equatable {
         var color: Int
+        var systemCategoryID: SmartCategoryID? = nil
     }
 
     struct Store: Codable {
@@ -217,6 +296,9 @@
         var appOpenCounts: [String: Int] = [:]  // launches opened from TagLauncher
         var knownAppPaths: [String] = []  // baseline set to detect newly installed apps
         var appNotes: [String: String] = [:]  // path → user note; retained even if marker is removed
+        var disabledSystemCategoryIDs: [SmartCategoryID] = []  // system categories the user deleted
+        var smartStart: SmartStartState = SmartStartState()
+        var categoryScheme: CategorySchemeState = CategorySchemeState()
 
         enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
             case version
@@ -228,6 +310,9 @@
             case appOpenCounts
             case knownAppPaths
             case appNotes
+            case disabledSystemCategoryIDs
+            case smartStart
+            case categoryScheme
         }
 
         init() {}
@@ -243,11 +328,41 @@
             appOpenCounts = try container.decodeIfPresent([String: Int].self, forKey: .appOpenCounts) ?? [:]
             knownAppPaths = try container.decodeIfPresent([String].self, forKey: .knownAppPaths) ?? []
             appNotes = try container.decodeIfPresent([String: String].self, forKey: .appNotes) ?? [:]
+            disabledSystemCategoryIDs = try container.decodeIfPresent(
+                [SmartCategoryID].self,
+                forKey: .disabledSystemCategoryIDs
+            ) ?? []
+            smartStart = try container.decodeIfPresent(SmartStartState.self, forKey: .smartStart) ?? SmartStartState()
+            categoryScheme = try container.decodeIfPresent(CategorySchemeState.self, forKey: .categoryScheme) ?? CategorySchemeState()
 
             for path in uncommonAppPaths where uncommonSources[path] == nil {
                 uncommonSources[path] = .manual
             }
         }
+
+        var hasUserTagAssignments: Bool {
+            appTags.values.contains { !$0.isEmpty }
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct SmartStartState: Codable, Equatable {
+        var catalogVersion: Int = 0
+        var lastRunAt: Date? = nil
+        var lastAppliedAt: Date? = nil
+        var lastSuggestionAt: Date? = nil
+        var lastBackupPath: String? = nil
+        var lastMode: String? = nil
+        var lastMatchedAppCount: Int = 0
+        var lastAssignedTagCount: Int = 0
+    }
+
+    struct CategorySchemeState: Codable, Equatable {
+        var currentName: String? = nil
+        var currentCreatedAt: Date? = nil
+        var previousName: String? = nil
+        var previousCreatedAt: Date? = nil
+        var previousBackupPath: String? = nil
+        var lastChangedAt: Date? = nil
     }
 
     // MARK: Paths
@@ -260,6 +375,18 @@
     }
 
     static var storeURL: URL { storeDir.appendingPathComponent("tags.json") }
+
+    static var smartStartBackupDir: URL {
+        let dir = storeDir.appendingPathComponent("SmartStartBackups")
+        try? FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: dir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+        return dir
+    }
+
+    static var categorySchemeBackupDir: URL {
+        let dir = storeDir.appendingPathComponent("CategorySchemeBackups")
+        try? FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: dir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+        return dir
+    }
 
     private static var legacyStoreURL: URL? {
         guard ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["APP_SANDBOX_CONTAINER_ID"] != nil else {
@@ -286,11 +413,196 @@
         return store
     }
 
+    static func loadWithEnsuredCategoryScheme() -> Store {
+        var store = load()
+        if normalizeCategorySchemeMetadata(&store) {
+            save(store)
+        }
+        return store
+    }
+
     static func save(_ store: Store) {
         let encoder = JSONEncoder()
         encoder.outputFormatting = [.prettyPrinted, .sortedKeys]
         guard let data = try? encoder.encode(store) else { return }
         try? data.write(to: storeURL, options: .atomic)
+    }
+
+    static func backup(_ store: Store, reason: String, in directory: URL? = nil) -> URL? {
+        let formatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
+        formatter.formatOptions = [.withInternetDateTime, .withFractionalSeconds]
+        let safeTimestamp = formatter.string(from: Date())
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: ":", with: "-")
+        let safeReason = reason
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "/", with: "-")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "-")
+        let url = (directory ?? smartStartBackupDir)
+            .appendingPathComponent("\(safeTimestamp)-\(safeReason).json")
+
+        let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+        encoder.outputFormatting = [.prettyPrinted, .sortedKeys]
+        guard let data = try? encoder.encode(store) else { return nil }
+        do {
+            try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
+            return url
+        } catch {
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Category Scheme Auto Snapshots
+
+    private struct CategorySchemeFingerprint: Equatable {
+        let tags: [String: TagDef]
+        let appTags: [String: [String]]
+        let tagOrder: [String]
+        let uncommonAppPaths: [String]
+        let uncommonSources: [String: UncommonSource]
+        let disabledSystemCategoryIDs: [SmartCategoryID]
+    }
+
+    private static let categorySchemeBatchDebounceSeconds: TimeInterval = 90
+    private static let categorySchemeRetentionSeconds: TimeInterval = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60
+    private static let categorySchemeBatchQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.apptag.category-scheme-batch")
+    private static var categorySchemeBatchActive = false
+    private static var categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem: DispatchWorkItem?
+
+    static func saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+        _ store: Store,
+        previous previousStore: Store,
+        reason: String
+    ) {
+        guard categorySchemeFingerprint(for: store) != categorySchemeFingerprint(for: previousStore) else {
+            save(store)
+            return
+        }
+
+        var nextStore = store
+        recordAutomaticPreviousCategoryScheme(
+            in: &nextStore,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: reason,
+            updateCurrentSchemeName: true
+        )
+        save(nextStore)
+    }
+
+    static func attachPreviousCategorySchemeSnapshot(
+        to store: inout Store,
+        previous previousStore: Store,
+        reason: String,
+        updateCurrentSchemeName: Bool
+    ) {
+        guard categorySchemeFingerprint(for: store) != categorySchemeFingerprint(for: previousStore) else { return }
+        recordAutomaticPreviousCategoryScheme(
+            in: &store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: reason,
+            updateCurrentSchemeName: updateCurrentSchemeName
+        )
+    }
+
+    static func flushPendingCategorySchemeBackupBatch() {
+        categorySchemeBatchQueue.sync {
+            categorySchemeBatchActive = false
+            categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem?.cancel()
+            categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem = nil
+        }
+        pruneOldCategorySchemeBackups()
+    }
+
+    private static func recordAutomaticPreviousCategoryScheme(
+        in store: inout Store,
+        previous previousStore: Store,
+        reason: String,
+        updateCurrentSchemeName: Bool
+    ) {
+        var normalizedPrevious = previousStore
+        _ = normalizeCategorySchemeMetadata(&normalizedPrevious)
+        let now = Date()
+        let shouldCreatePreviousSnapshot = beginOrExtendCategorySchemeBatch()
+
+        if shouldCreatePreviousSnapshot {
+            let backupURL = backup(
+                normalizedPrevious,
+                reason: "auto-\(reason)",
+                in: categorySchemeBackupDir
+            )
+            let previousCreatedAt = normalizedPrevious.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt
+                ?? normalizedPrevious.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt
+                ?? now
+            store.categoryScheme.previousName = normalizedPrevious.categoryScheme.currentName
+                ?? schemeName(prefixKey: "scheme.beforeSmartStart", at: previousCreatedAt)
+            store.categoryScheme.previousCreatedAt = previousCreatedAt
+            store.categoryScheme.previousBackupPath = backupURL?.path
+        }
+
+        if updateCurrentSchemeName {
+            store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt = now
+            store.categoryScheme.currentName = schemeName(prefixKey: "scheme.local", at: now)
+        }
+        store.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt = now
+        pruneOldCategorySchemeBackups()
+    }
+
+    private static func beginOrExtendCategorySchemeBatch() -> Bool {
+        categorySchemeBatchQueue.sync {
+            let isFirstChangeInBatch = !categorySchemeBatchActive
+            categorySchemeBatchActive = true
+            categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem?.cancel()
+
+            let workItem = DispatchWorkItem {
+                categorySchemeBatchQueue.sync {
+                    categorySchemeBatchActive = false
+                    categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem = nil
+                }
+                pruneOldCategorySchemeBackups()
+            }
+            categorySchemeBatchResetWorkItem = workItem
+            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(
+                deadline: .now() + categorySchemeBatchDebounceSeconds,
+                execute: workItem
+            )
+            return isFirstChangeInBatch
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static func categorySchemeFingerprint(for store: Store) -> CategorySchemeFingerprint {
+        CategorySchemeFingerprint(
+            tags: store.tags,
+            appTags: store.appTags.mapValues(uniqueOrdered),
+            tagOrder: uniqueOrdered(store.tagOrder),
+            uncommonAppPaths: store.uncommonAppPaths.sorted(),
+            uncommonSources: store.uncommonSources,
+            disabledSystemCategoryIDs: store.disabledSystemCategoryIDs
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func pruneOldCategorySchemeBackups(now: Date = Date()) {
+        let fm = FileManager.default
+        let cutoff = now.addingTimeInterval(-categorySchemeRetentionSeconds)
+        guard let urls = try? fm.contentsOfDirectory(
+            at: categorySchemeBackupDir,
+            includingPropertiesForKeys: [.creationDateKey, .contentModificationDateKey],
+            options: [.skipsHiddenFiles]
+        ) else { return }
+
+        for url in urls where url.pathExtension.lowercased() == "json" {
+            let values = try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.creationDateKey, .contentModificationDateKey])
+            let date = values?.creationDate ?? values?.contentModificationDate ?? .distantFuture
+            if date < cutoff {
+                try? fm.removeItem(at: url)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func restore(fromBackupAt path: String) -> Bool {
+        let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: path)
+        guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url),
+              let store = try? JSONDecoder().decode(Store.self, from: data)
+        else { return false }
+        save(store)
+        return true
     }
 
     /// App Store sandbox builds read Application Support inside the app container.
@@ -320,40 +632,303 @@
         store.appTags.count * 100 + store.tagOrder.count * 10 + store.tags.count
     }
 
+    // MARK: Localization
+
+    @discardableResult
+    static func relocalizeSystemTagsForCurrentLanguage() -> Bool {
+        var store = load()
+        guard relocalizeSystemTags(in: &store) else { return false }
+        save(store)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private static func relocalizeSystemTags(in store: inout Store) -> Bool {
+        var renameMap: [String: String] = [:]
+
+        for (tagName, tagDef) in store.tags {
+            guard let categoryID = tagDef.systemCategoryID else { continue }
+            let targetName = categoryID.localizedDisplayName
+            guard targetName != tagName else { continue }
+            if let existing = store.tags[targetName],
+               existing.systemCategoryID != categoryID {
+                continue
+            }
+            renameMap[tagName] = targetName
+        }
+
+        guard !renameMap.isEmpty else { return false }
+        for (oldName, newName) in renameMap {
+            renameTagKey(in: &store, from: oldName, to: newName)
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+
+    static func systemTagName(for categoryID: SmartCategoryID, in store: Store) -> String? {
+        store.tags.first { $0.value.systemCategoryID == categoryID }?.key
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    static func ensureSystemTag(
+        for categoryID: SmartCategoryID,
+        in store: inout Store
+    ) -> (name: String, created: Bool)? {
+        if let existingName = systemTagName(for: categoryID, in: store) {
+            let targetName = categoryID.localizedDisplayName
+            if existingName != targetName {
+                if let existing = store.tags[targetName],
+                   existing.systemCategoryID != categoryID {
+                    return (existingName, false)
+                }
+                renameTagKey(in: &store, from: existingName, to: targetName)
+                return (targetName, false)
+            }
+            if !store.tagOrder.contains(existingName) {
+                store.tagOrder.append(existingName)
+            }
+            return (existingName, false)
+        }
+
+        let targetName = categoryID.localizedDisplayName
+        if let existing = store.tags[targetName],
+           existing.systemCategoryID != categoryID {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        store.tags[targetName] = TagDef(
+            color: categoryID.defaultColorIndex,
+            systemCategoryID: categoryID
+        )
+        if !store.tagOrder.contains(targetName) {
+            store.tagOrder.append(targetName)
+        }
+        return (targetName, true)
+    }
+
+    private static func renameTagKey(in store: inout Store, from oldName: String, to newName: String) {
+        guard oldName != newName, let tagDef = store.tags.removeValue(forKey: oldName) else { return }
+        store.tags[newName] = tagDef
+        store.tagOrder = uniqueOrdered(store.tagOrder.map { $0 == oldName ? newName : $0 })
+
+        for (path, tags) in store.appTags {
+            let renamedTags = uniqueOrdered(tags.map { $0 == oldName ? newName : $0 })
+            if renamedTags.isEmpty {
+                store.appTags.removeValue(forKey: path)
+            } else {
+                store.appTags[path] = renamedTags
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static func uniqueOrdered(_ values: [String]) -> [String] {
+        var seen = Set<String>()
+        return values.filter { seen.insert($0).inserted }
+    }
+
     // MARK: Export / Import
 
     static func exportTo(_ url: URL) throws {
         migrateLegacyStoreIfNeeded()
-        let store = load()
+        let store = loadWithEnsuredCategoryScheme()
         let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(store)
         try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
     }
 
     static func importFrom(_ url: URL) throws -> Store {
+        let previousStore = loadWithEnsuredCategoryScheme()
         let data = try Data(contentsOf: url)
-        let store = try JSONDecoder().decode(Store.self, from: data)
+        var store = try JSONDecoder().decode(Store.self, from: data)
+        applyImportedCategorySchemeMetadata(to: &store, importedFileURL: url)
+        attachPreviousCategorySchemeSnapshot(
+            to: &store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "manual-import",
+            updateCurrentSchemeName: false
+        )
+        flushPendingCategorySchemeBackupBatch()
         save(store)
         return store
     }
 
-    /// Seed default tags on first launch. Only runs if store doesn't exist yet.
-    /// Tag names are loaded from the current language's localization.
+    private static func applyImportedCategorySchemeMetadata(to store: inout Store, importedFileURL url: URL) {
+        let importedCreatedAt = importedSchemeCreatedAt(from: url)
+        store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt = importedCreatedAt
+        store.categoryScheme.currentName = schemeName(prefixKey: "scheme.local", at: importedCreatedAt)
+        store.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt = Date()
+    }
+
+    private static func importedSchemeCreatedAt(from url: URL) -> Date {
+        let filename = url.deletingPathExtension().lastPathComponent
+        if let timestampDate = schemeTimestampDate(in: filename) {
+            return timestampDate
+        }
+
+        if let values = try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.creationDateKey, .contentModificationDateKey]) {
+            return values.creationDate ?? values.contentModificationDate ?? Date()
+        }
+
+        return Date()
+    }
+
+    private static func schemeTimestampDate(in text: String) -> Date? {
+        let pattern = #"(?<!\d)\d{4}\.\d{4}\.\d{4}(?!\d)"#
+        guard let range = text.range(of: pattern, options: .regularExpression) else { return nil }
+
+        let formatter = DateFormatter()
+        formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+        formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .gregorian)
+        formatter.timeZone = TimeZone.current
+        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy.MMdd.HHmm"
+        formatter.isLenient = false
+        return formatter.date(from: String(text[range]))
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    static func normalizeCategorySchemeMetadata(_ store: inout Store) -> Bool {
+        var changed = false
+        if store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt == nil {
+            store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt = store.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt
+                ?? store.smartStart.lastAppliedAt
+                ?? store.smartStart.lastRunAt
+                ?? Date()
+            changed = true
+        }
+
+        if let createdAt = store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt {
+            let prefixKey = store.smartStart.lastAppliedAt == nil ? "scheme.local" : "scheme.smartStart"
+            let normalizedName = normalizedSchemeName(
+                storedName: store.categoryScheme.currentName,
+                createdAt: createdAt,
+                fallbackPrefixKey: prefixKey
+            )
+            if store.categoryScheme.currentName != normalizedName {
+                store.categoryScheme.currentName = normalizedName
+                changed = true
+            }
+        } else if store.categoryScheme.currentName == nil {
+            changed = true
+        }
+
+        if store.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt == nil {
+            store.categoryScheme.lastChangedAt = store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt
+            changed = true
+        }
+
+        if store.categoryScheme.previousName == nil,
+           store.categoryScheme.previousBackupPath != nil {
+            let createdAt = store.categoryScheme.previousCreatedAt
+                ?? store.categoryScheme.currentCreatedAt
+                ?? Date()
+            store.categoryScheme.previousCreatedAt = createdAt
+            store.categoryScheme.previousName = normalizedSchemeName(
+                storedName: store.categoryScheme.previousName,
+                createdAt: createdAt,
+                fallbackPrefixKey: "scheme.beforeSmartStart"
+            )
+            changed = true
+        } else if let previousCreatedAt = store.categoryScheme.previousCreatedAt,
+                  let previousName = store.categoryScheme.previousName {
+            let normalizedName = normalizedSchemeName(
+                storedName: previousName,
+                createdAt: previousCreatedAt,
+                fallbackPrefixKey: "scheme.beforeSmartStart"
+            )
+            if store.categoryScheme.previousName != normalizedName {
+                store.categoryScheme.previousName = normalizedName
+                changed = true
+            }
+        }
+
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    static func schemeName(prefixKey: String, at date: Date) -> String {
+        "\(tr(prefixKey)) \(schemeTimestamp(at: date))"
+    }
+
+    static func schemeTimestamp(at date: Date) -> String {
+        let formatter = DateFormatter()
+        formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
+        formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .gregorian)
+        formatter.timeZone = TimeZone.current
+        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy.MMdd.HHmm"
+        return formatter.string(from: date)
+    }
+
+    static func exportFileName(for scheme: CategorySchemeState) -> String {
+        let fallbackDate = scheme.currentCreatedAt ?? scheme.lastChangedAt ?? Date()
+        let baseName = normalizedSchemeName(
+            storedName: scheme.currentName,
+            createdAt: fallbackDate,
+            fallbackPrefixKey: "scheme.local"
+        )
+        return "\(safeFileName(baseName)).json"
+    }
+
+    static func normalizedSchemeName(
+        storedName: String?,
+        createdAt: Date,
+        fallbackPrefixKey: String
+    ) -> String {
+        let prefix = schemePrefix(from: storedName) ?? tr(fallbackPrefixKey)
+        return "\(prefix) \(schemeTimestamp(at: createdAt))"
+    }
+
+    private static func schemePrefix(from storedName: String?) -> String? {
+        guard let storedName else { return nil }
+        let trimmed = storedName.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+        guard !trimmed.isEmpty else { return nil }
+
+        let prefixKeys = ["scheme.local", "scheme.smartStart", "scheme.systemSmartStart", "scheme.beforeSmartStart"]
+        for key in prefixKeys {
+            if trimmed.hasPrefix(tr(key)) {
+                return tr(key)
+            }
+            for language in L10n.supported {
+                if let localized = L10n.loadedTranslation(key, for: language.code),
+                   !localized.isEmpty,
+                   trimmed.hasPrefix(localized) {
+                    return tr(key)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let firstNumber = trimmed.firstIndex(where: { $0.isNumber }) {
+            let prefix = String(trimmed[..<firstNumber])
+                .trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+            if !prefix.isEmpty { return prefix }
+        }
+
+        return trimmed
+    }
+
+    private static func safeFileName(_ value: String) -> String {
+        let invalid = CharacterSet(charactersIn: "/\\?%*|\"<>:\n\r\t")
+        let parts = value.components(separatedBy: invalid)
+            .map { $0.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines) }
+            .filter { !$0.isEmpty }
+        let joined = parts.joined(separator: "-")
+        return joined.isEmpty ? "TagLauncher-tags" : joined
+    }
+
+    /// Seed starter system tags on first launch. Smart Start adds any additional
+    /// system tags it needs after scanning the user's installed apps.
     static func seedDefaultTags() {
         migrateLegacyStoreIfNeeded()
         guard !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: storeURL.path) else { return }
 
-        let keys = [
-            "tag.design", "tag.development", "tag.writing",
-            "tag.gaming", "tag.entertainment", "tag.system",
-            "tag.productivity"
+        let starterCategoryIDs: [SmartCategoryID] = [
+            .design,
+            .development,
+            .writing,
+            .game,
+            .entertainment,
+            .system,
+            .productivity
         ]
-        let colors: [Int] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
 
         var store = Store()
-        for (i, key) in keys.enumerated() {
-            let name = tr(key)
-            store.tags[name] = TagDef(color: colors[i])
-            store.tagOrder.append(name)
+        for categoryID in starterCategoryIDs {
+            _ = ensureSystemTag(for: categoryID, in: &store)
         }
         save(store)
     }
@@ -382,17 +957,27 @@
     /// Persist a new tag display order.
     static func reorderTags(_ names: [String]) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         store.tagOrder = names
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "reorder-tags"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Create a new tag definition (no app assignments yet).
     static func createTag(_ name: String, color: Int) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
         guard store.tags[name] == nil else { return }
-        store.tags[name] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color)
+        let previousStore = store
+        store.tags[name] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color, systemCategoryID: nil)
         if !store.tagOrder.contains(name) { store.tagOrder.insert(name, at: 0) }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "create-tag"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Annotate scanned apps with tags from the database.
@@ -418,9 +1003,10 @@
     /// Assign a tag to multiple apps. Preserves existing tags.
     static func assignTag(_ tag: String, color: Int, to paths: [String]) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         // Ensure tag definition exists
         if store.tags[tag] == nil {
-            store.tags[tag] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color)
+            store.tags[tag] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color, systemCategoryID: nil)
             // New tag: append to display order
             if !store.tagOrder.contains(tag) { store.tagOrder.insert(tag, at: 0) }
         }
@@ -431,12 +1017,17 @@
                 store.appTags[path] = current
             }
         }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "assign-tag"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Replace the full editable tag set for multiple apps.
     static func setTags(_ tags: [String], to paths: [String]) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         let selectedUncommon = tags.contains(TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey)
         let validTags = tags.filter { store.tags[$0] != nil }
         var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
@@ -455,7 +1046,11 @@
             }
         }
         store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "set-tags"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Append tags to multiple apps without disturbing their existing tag sets.
@@ -463,6 +1058,7 @@
         guard !tags.isEmpty, !paths.isEmpty else { return }
 
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         let selectedUncommon = tags.contains(TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey)
         let validTags = tags.filter { store.tags[$0] != nil }
         var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
@@ -483,7 +1079,11 @@
         }
 
         store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "append-tags"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Remove tags from multiple apps while preserving every unrelated tag.
@@ -491,6 +1091,7 @@
         guard !tags.isEmpty, !paths.isEmpty else { return }
 
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         let selectedUncommon = tags.contains(TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey)
         let validTags = Set(tags.filter { store.tags[$0] != nil })
         var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
@@ -512,7 +1113,11 @@
         }
 
         store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "remove-tags"
+        )
     }
 
     static func reconcileScannedApps(_ apps: [AppInfo]) -> TagDatabase.Store {
@@ -521,8 +1126,10 @@
         let knownPaths = Set(store.knownAppPaths)
 
         if store.knownAppPaths.isEmpty {
+            let seededDefaultNotes = seedDefaultAppleAppNotes(for: apps, in: &store)
+            let markedUncommon = markUnfamiliarAppleAppsAsUncommon(apps, in: &store)
             store.knownAppPaths = scannedPaths.sorted()
-            if apps.isEmpty == false {
+            if apps.isEmpty == false || seededDefaultNotes || markedUncommon {
                 TagDatabase.save(store)
             }
             return store
@@ -532,7 +1139,13 @@
         guard !newPaths.isEmpty else { return store }
 
         var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
+        let appsByPath = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: apps.map { ($0.path.path, $0) })
         for path in newPaths {
+            if let app = appsByPath[path],
+               app.isAppleApp,
+               AppleDefaultAppNotes.isFamiliarAppleApp(app) {
+                continue
+            }
             uncommonPaths.insert(path)
             store.uncommonSources[path] = .auto
             if store.appOpenCounts[path] == nil {
@@ -540,10 +1153,56 @@
             }
         }
 
+        let newApps = apps.filter { newPaths.contains($0.path.path) }
+        _ = seedDefaultAppleAppNotes(for: newApps, in: &store)
         store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
         store.knownAppPaths = knownPaths.union(newPaths).sorted()
         TagDatabase.save(store)
         return store
+    }
+
+    private static func seedDefaultAppleAppNotes(
+        for apps: [AppInfo],
+        in store: inout TagDatabase.Store
+    ) -> Bool {
+        var changed = false
+
+        for app in apps where app.isAppleApp {
+            let path = app.path.path
+            if store.appNotes[path]?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty == false {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            guard let note = AppleDefaultAppNotes.note(for: app) else { continue }
+            store.appNotes[path] = String(note.prefix(TagDatabase.maxAppNoteLength))
+            changed = true
+        }
+
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private static func markUnfamiliarAppleAppsAsUncommon(
+        _ apps: [AppInfo],
+        in store: inout TagDatabase.Store
+    ) -> Bool {
+        var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
+        var changed = false
+
+        for app in apps where app.isAppleApp && !AppleDefaultAppNotes.isFamiliarAppleApp(app) {
+            let path = app.path.path
+            if uncommonPaths.insert(path).inserted {
+                changed = true
+            }
+            if store.uncommonSources[path] == nil {
+                store.uncommonSources[path] = .auto
+                changed = true
+            }
+        }
+
+        if changed {
+            store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
+        }
+        return changed
     }
 
     static func recordLauncherOpen(for path: String) {
@@ -563,20 +1222,33 @@
 
     static func setAppNote(_ note: String, for path: String) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         let trimmed = note.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
         let limited = String(trimmed.prefix(TagDatabase.maxAppNoteLength))
         if limited.isEmpty {
             store.appNotes.removeValue(forKey: path)
         } else {
             store.appNotes[path] = limited
+            var uncommonPaths = Set(store.uncommonAppPaths)
+            if uncommonPaths.insert(path).inserted {
+                store.uncommonAppPaths = uncommonPaths.sorted()
+            }
+            if store.uncommonSources[path] != .manual {
+                store.uncommonSources[path] = .manual
+            }
         }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "edit-app-note"
+        )
     }
 
     static func moveApp(path: String, from sourceTag: String, to targetTag: String, color: Int, copy: Bool) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        let previousStore = store
         if store.tags[targetTag] == nil {
-            store.tags[targetTag] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color)
+            store.tags[targetTag] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color, systemCategoryID: nil)
             if !store.tagOrder.contains(targetTag) { store.tagOrder.insert(targetTag, at: 0) }
         }
 
@@ -593,30 +1265,46 @@
         } else {
             store.appTags[path] = current
         }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "move-app"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Rename a tag on all apps that have it.
     static func renameTag(from oldName: String, to newName: String) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
+        guard oldName != newName, store.tags[newName] == nil else { return }
+        let previousStore = store
         // Update tag definition
         if let def = store.tags.removeValue(forKey: oldName) {
             store.tags[newName] = def
         }
+        store.tagOrder = store.tagOrder.map { $0 == oldName ? newName : $0 }
         // Update all app assignments
         for (path, var tags) in store.appTags {
             if let idx = tags.firstIndex(of: oldName) {
                 tags[idx] = newName
-                store.appTags[path] = tags
+                store.appTags[path] = Array(NSOrderedSet(array: tags).compactMap { $0 as? String })
             }
         }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "rename-tag"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Delete a tag completely (from all apps and tag definitions).
     static func deleteTagCompletely(_ tag: String) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
-        store.tags.removeValue(forKey: tag)
+        let previousStore = store
+        if let removedTag = store.tags.removeValue(forKey: tag),
+           let categoryID = removedTag.systemCategoryID,
+           !store.disabledSystemCategoryIDs.contains(categoryID) {
+            store.disabledSystemCategoryIDs.append(categoryID)
+        }
         store.tagOrder.removeAll { $0 == tag }
         for (path, var tags) in store.appTags {
             tags.removeAll { $0 == tag }
@@ -626,13 +1314,24 @@
                 store.appTags[path] = tags
             }
         }
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "delete-tag"
+        )
     }
 
     /// Set the color for a tag.
     static func setColor(_ color: Int, for tag: String) {
         var store = TagDatabase.load()
-        store.tags[tag] = TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color)
-        TagDatabase.save(store)
+        let previousStore = store
+        var tagDef = store.tags[tag] ?? TagDatabase.TagDef(color: color, systemCategoryID: nil)
+        tagDef.color = color
+        store.tags[tag] = tagDef
+        TagDatabase.saveUserCategorySchemeMutation(
+            store,
+            previous: previousStore,
+            reason: "set-tag-color"
+        )
     }
 }

--
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