From 9d6f138e40a5322ee731f8096eaa3332c94a6532 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ariver <shanghai3168@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 17:54:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Speed up repeated app list opens

---
 Apptag/ContentView.swift | 1114 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 files changed, 983 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Apptag/ContentView.swift b/Apptag/ContentView.swift
index 3430c2e..16f587e 100644
--- a/Apptag/ContentView.swift
+++ b/Apptag/ContentView.swift
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 
 extension Notification.Name {
     static let tagLauncherEditModeChanged = Notification.Name("TagLauncherEditModeChanged")
+    static let tagLauncherAppNoteEditingChanged = Notification.Name("TagLauncherAppNoteEditingChanged")
+    static let tagLauncherDataDidChange = Notification.Name("TagLauncherDataDidChange")
+    static let tagLauncherOpenPreferencesRequested = Notification.Name("TagLauncherOpenPreferencesRequested")
+    static let tagLauncherOverlayDidShow = Notification.Name("TagLauncherOverlayDidShow")
 }
 
 // MARK: - Edit Phase
@@ -14,6 +18,11 @@
     case none
     case editingTags
     case editingApps
+}
+
+enum EditTagOperation {
+    case add
+    case remove
 }
 
 // MARK: - Native NSTextField (avoids SwiftUI TextField event issues)
@@ -101,6 +110,84 @@
                 return true
             }
             return false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Native Floating Icon Button
+
+final class FloatingIconButtonView: NSView {
+    private let imageView = NSImageView()
+    var action: (() -> Void)?
+
+    override init(frame frameRect: NSRect) {
+        super.init(frame: frameRect)
+        addSubview(imageView)
+        imageView.imageScaling = .scaleProportionallyDown
+        imageView.contentTintColor = .secondaryLabelColor
+    }
+
+    required init?(coder: NSCoder) { fatalError() }
+
+    override func layout() {
+        super.layout()
+        let size: CGFloat = 16
+        imageView.frame = NSRect(
+            x: (bounds.width - size) / 2,
+            y: (bounds.height - size) / 2,
+            width: size,
+            height: size
+        )
+    }
+
+    override func hitTest(_ point: NSPoint) -> NSView? {
+        bounds.contains(point) ? self : nil
+    }
+
+    override func mouseDown(with event: NSEvent) {
+        action?()
+    }
+
+    func setSystemImage(_ systemImage: String) {
+        let config = NSImage.SymbolConfiguration(pointSize: 16, weight: .medium)
+        imageView.image = NSImage(
+            systemSymbolName: systemImage,
+            accessibilityDescription: nil
+        )?.withSymbolConfiguration(config)
+    }
+}
+
+private struct NativeFloatingIconButton: NSViewRepresentable {
+    let systemImage: String
+    let action: () -> Void
+
+    func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator {
+        Coordinator(action: action)
+    }
+
+    func makeNSView(context: Context) -> FloatingIconButtonView {
+        let view = FloatingIconButtonView(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 36, height: 36))
+        configure(view, context: context)
+        return view
+    }
+
+    func updateNSView(_ view: FloatingIconButtonView, context: Context) {
+        context.coordinator.action = action
+        configure(view, context: context)
+    }
+
+    private func configure(_ view: FloatingIconButtonView, context: Context) {
+        view.setSystemImage(systemImage)
+        view.action = {
+            context.coordinator.action()
+        }
+    }
+
+    final class Coordinator {
+        var action: () -> Void
+
+        init(action: @escaping () -> Void) {
+            self.action = action
         }
     }
 }
@@ -220,6 +307,44 @@
 
 // MARK: - Full-Screen Overlay
 
+private struct AppBubbleContext {
+    let app: AppInfo
+    let frame: CGRect
+}
+
+private struct AppBubbleMetrics {
+    let centerX: CGFloat
+    let centerY: CGFloat
+    let arrowX: CGFloat
+    let arrowOffset: CGFloat
+}
+
+private struct EditActionFeedback: Identifiable {
+    let id = UUID()
+    let title: String
+    let message: String
+}
+
+private struct PendingUncategorizedDrop: Identifiable {
+    let id = UUID()
+    let app: AppInfo
+    let assignedTags: [String]
+}
+
+private enum SmartStartNoticeMode {
+    case autoApplied
+    case suggestionOnly
+    case manuallyApplied
+}
+
+private struct SmartStartNotice: Identifiable {
+    let id = UUID()
+    let mode: SmartStartNoticeMode
+    let title: String
+    let message: String
+    let summary: SmartStartSummary
+}
+
 struct ContentView: View {
     let hideOverlay: () -> Void
 
@@ -231,7 +356,9 @@
     @State private var editPhase: EditPhase = .none
     @State private var selectedAppPaths: Set<URL> = []
     @State private var selectedTagNames: Set<String> = []
-    @State private var successToast: String? = nil
+    @State private var removableTagNames: Set<String> = []
+    @State private var editTagOperation: EditTagOperation = .add
+    @State private var editActionFeedback: EditActionFeedback? = nil
     @State private var draggedTagNames: [String] = []  // live drag order
     @State private var dragItem: String? = nil          // currently dragged tag
     @State private var tagReorderFrames: [String: CGRect] = [:]
@@ -243,21 +370,44 @@
     @State private var filledColorlessContainer: String? = nil
     @State private var appDragModeActive = false
     @State private var dropWarningToast: String? = nil
+    @State private var smartStartNotice: SmartStartNotice? = nil
+    @State private var pendingSmartStartDraft: SmartCategorizationDraft? = nil
     @State private var dropRefreshVisible = false
     @State private var dropRefreshStartedAt: Date? = nil
-    @State private var layoutRefreshID = UUID()
+    @State private var refreshInProgress = false
+    @State private var refreshAgainAfterCurrent = false
+    @State private var refreshAgainForceLayout = false
+    @State private var hoveredAppItemID: String? = nil
+    @State private var hoveredBubble: AppBubbleContext? = nil
+    @State private var editingBubble: AppBubbleContext? = nil
+    @State private var pendingUncategorizedDrop: PendingUncategorizedDrop? = nil
+    @State private var bubbleDraftNote = ""
+    @FocusState private var bubbleNoteFocused: Bool
 
     // Configurable defaults
     @AppStorage("defaultGroupName") private var defaultGroupName = "Other"
-    @AppStorage("tagFontSize") private var tagFontSize: Double = 18
-    @AppStorage("iconSize") private var iconSize: Double = 56
-    @AppStorage("tagPosition") private var tagPosition = "left"
+    @AppStorage("tagFontSize") private var tagFontSize: Double = AppDefaults.tagFontSize
+    @AppStorage("iconSize") private var iconSize: Double = AppDefaults.iconSize
+    @AppStorage("tagPosition") private var tagPosition = AppDefaults.tagPosition
     @State private var notchHeight: CGFloat = 0
-    @AppStorage("displayMode") private var displayMode = "flat"
-    @AppStorage("hideAppNames") private var hideAppNames = false
+    @AppStorage("displayMode") private var displayMode = AppDefaults.displayMode
+    @AppStorage("hideAppNames") private var hideAppNames = AppDefaults.hideAppNames
+
+    private let editSidebarWidth: CGFloat = 188
+    private let editSidebarHorizontalInset: CGFloat = 12
+    private let floatingControlsTrailingInset: CGFloat = 20
+    private let floatingControlsReservedWidth: CGFloat = 120
+    private var appBubbleDisabled: Bool {
+        appDragModeActive || pendingUncategorizedDrop != nil
+    }
+    private let rightSidebarFloatingClearance: CGFloat = 44
 
     private var isSideLayout: Bool {
         tagPosition == "left" || tagPosition == "right"
+    }
+
+    private var floatingControlsTopInset: CGFloat {
+        notchHeight > 0 ? notchHeight + 10 : 20
     }
 
     private var isColorlessContainerMode: Bool {
@@ -292,6 +442,11 @@
             case .editingApps:
                 editAppsView
             }
+
+            uncommonAppBubbleOverlay
+            smartStartNoticeOverlay
+            editActionFeedbackOverlay
+            uncategorizedDropConfirmOverlay
 
             if let message = dropWarningToast {
                 Text(message)
@@ -329,23 +484,42 @@
             }
         }
         .onAppear {
-            let mousePoint = NSEvent.mouseLocation
-            let activeScreen = NSScreen.screens.first(where: {
-                NSMouseInRect(mousePoint, $0.frame, false)
-            }) ?? NSScreen.main
-            notchHeight = activeScreen?.safeAreaInsets.top ?? 0
+            refreshNotchHeight()
+            refreshApps()
+        }
+        .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .tagLauncherOverlayDidShow)) { _ in
+            refreshNotchHeight()
             refreshApps()
         }
         .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification)) { _ in
+            guard allApps.isEmpty, !refreshInProgress else { return }
             refreshApps()
+        }
+        .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .tagLauncherDataDidChange)) { _ in
+            refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: true)
+        }
+        .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .appLanguageDidChange)) { _ in
+            let appsSnapshot = allApps
+            DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
+                _ = SmartStartService.relocalizeDefaultNotesForCurrentLanguage(apps: appsSnapshot)
+                DispatchQueue.main.async {
+                    refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: true)
+                }
+            }
         }
         .onChange(of: editPhase) { _, newPhase in
             let active = newPhase != .none
+            dismissAppBubble()
             NotificationCenter.default.post(
                 name: .tagLauncherEditModeChanged,
                 object: nil,
                 userInfo: ["active": active]
             )
+        }
+        .onChange(of: bubbleNoteFocused) { _, focused in
+            if editingBubble != nil && !focused {
+                commitBubbleNote()
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -361,6 +535,7 @@
         }
         editPhase = phase
         if phase == .none {
+            TagDatabase.flushPendingCategorySchemeBackupBatch()
             DispatchQueue.main.async {
                 NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .tagLauncherEditModeChanged, object: nil, userInfo: ["active": false])
             }
@@ -377,20 +552,35 @@
                 topLayout
             }
 
-            Button {
-                setEditPhase(.editingApps)
-            } label: {
-                Image(systemName: "pencil.line")
-                    .font(.system(size: 16, weight: .medium))
-                    .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
-                    .padding(10)
-                    .background(Circle().fill(.ultraThinMaterial))
-            }
-            .buttonStyle(.plain)
-            .padding(.top, notchHeight > 0 ? notchHeight + 10 : 20)
-            .padding(.trailing, 20)
-            .keyboardShortcut("e", modifiers: .control)
+            floatingActionButtons
+                .padding(.top, floatingControlsTopInset)
+                .padding(.trailing, floatingControlsTrailingInset)
+                .zIndex(2)
         }
+    }
+
+    private var floatingActionButtons: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 8) {
+            floatingOverlayButton(systemImage: "pencil.line") {
+                setEditPhase(.editingApps)
+            }
+            .keyboardShortcut("e", modifiers: .control)
+            .help(tr("edit.title"))
+
+            floatingOverlayButton(systemImage: "gearshape") {
+                NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .tagLauncherOpenPreferencesRequested, object: nil)
+            }
+            .help(tr("menu.preferences"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func floatingOverlayButton(
+        systemImage: String,
+        action: @escaping () -> Void
+    ) -> some View {
+        NativeFloatingIconButton(systemImage: systemImage, action: action)
+            .frame(width: 36, height: 36)
+            .background(Circle().fill(.ultraThinMaterial))
     }
 
     // MARK: - Top / Side Layouts
@@ -411,7 +601,7 @@
             HStack(spacing: 0) {
                 if tagPosition == "left" { tagSidebar; sideDivider }
                 appGridContent
-                if tagPosition == "right" { sideDivider; tagSidebar }
+                if tagPosition == "right" { sideDivider; rightTagSidebar }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -440,7 +630,8 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
-            .padding(.horizontal, 24)
+            .padding(.leading, 24)
+            .padding(.trailing, tagPosition == "top" ? floatingControlsReservedWidth : 24)
             .coordinateSpace(name: "tagNavReorder")
             .onPreferenceChange(TagNavReorderFramePreferenceKey.self) { frames in
                 tagNavReorderFrames = frames
@@ -449,6 +640,17 @@
     }
 
     private var tagSidebar: some View {
+        tagSidebarList
+            .frame(width: 135)
+    }
+
+    private var rightTagSidebar: some View {
+        tagSidebarList
+            .padding(.top, rightSidebarFloatingClearance)
+            .frame(width: 135)
+    }
+
+    private var tagSidebarList: some View {
         ScrollView(.vertical, showsIndicators: false) {
             VStack(spacing: 6) {
                 ForEach(tagLabels) { tag in
@@ -477,7 +679,7 @@
             .onPreferenceChange(TagNavReorderFramePreferenceKey.self) { frames in
                 tagNavReorderFrames = frames
             }
-        }.frame(width: 135)
+        }
     }
 
     private var sideDivider: some View {
@@ -498,9 +700,130 @@
                 flatGrid
             }
         }
-        .id(layoutRefreshID)
     }
 
+    private var uncommonAppBubbleOverlay: some View {
+        GeometryReader { proxy in
+            if let context = editingBubble ?? hoveredBubble {
+                let rootFrame = proxy.frame(in: .global)
+                let editing = editingBubble != nil
+                let width = min(editing ? 440 : 520, max(260, proxy.size.width - 48))
+                let placement = bubblePlacement(for: context.frame, rootFrame: rootFrame)
+                let metrics = bubbleMetrics(
+                    for: context,
+                    rootFrame: rootFrame,
+                    rootSize: proxy.size,
+                    width: width,
+                    placement: placement,
+                    isEditing: editing
+                )
+
+                AppNameBubble(
+                    appName: context.app.name,
+                    note: currentNote(for: context.app),
+                    isEditing: editing,
+                    placement: placement,
+                    arrowOffset: metrics.arrowOffset,
+                    draftNote: $bubbleDraftNote,
+                    noteFocused: $bubbleNoteFocused,
+                    onCommit: commitBubbleNote,
+                    onCancel: dismissAppBubble
+                )
+                .frame(width: width)
+                .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
+                .position(x: metrics.centerX, y: metrics.centerY)
+                .transition(.opacity)
+                .zIndex(500)
+            }
+        }
+        .ignoresSafeArea()
+        .allowsHitTesting(editingBubble != nil)
+    }
+
+    private var smartStartNoticeOverlay: some View {
+        GeometryReader { proxy in
+            if let notice = smartStartNotice {
+                let panelWidth = min(560, max(320, proxy.size.width - 64))
+
+                ZStack {
+                    Color.black.opacity(0.10)
+                        .ignoresSafeArea()
+
+                    VStack(spacing: 18) {
+                        Image(systemName: notice.mode == .suggestionOnly ? "sparkles" : "checkmark.seal.fill")
+                            .font(.system(size: 30, weight: .semibold))
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.accentColor)
+                            .frame(width: 58, height: 58)
+                            .background(
+                                Circle()
+                                    .fill(Color.accentColor.opacity(0.12))
+                            )
+
+                        VStack(spacing: 8) {
+                            Text(notice.title)
+                                .font(.system(size: 21, weight: .semibold))
+                                .foregroundStyle(.primary)
+                                .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+
+                            Text(notice.message)
+                                .font(.system(size: 15, weight: .regular))
+                                .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
+                                .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
+                                .lineLimit(4)
+                                .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
+                        }
+
+                        HStack(spacing: 12) {
+                            switch notice.mode {
+                            case .suggestionOnly:
+                                Button(tr("smartstart.later")) {
+                                    dismissSmartStartNotice()
+                                }
+                                .buttonStyle(.bordered)
+                                .controlSize(.large)
+
+                                Button(tr("smartstart.apply")) {
+                                    applySmartStartSuggestion()
+                                }
+                                .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
+                                .controlSize(.large)
+                            case .autoApplied, .manuallyApplied:
+                                if notice.summary.backupPath != nil {
+                                    Button(tr("smartstart.undo")) {
+                                        undoSmartStart()
+                                    }
+                                    .buttonStyle(.bordered)
+                                    .controlSize(.large)
+                                }
+                                Button(tr("smartstart.ok")) {
+                                    dismissSmartStartNotice()
+                                }
+                                .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
+                                .controlSize(.large)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .padding(.horizontal, 30)
+                    .padding(.vertical, 26)
+                    .frame(width: panelWidth)
+                    .background(
+                        RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 16)
+                            .fill(.ultraThickMaterial)
+                            .shadow(color: .black.opacity(0.26), radius: 28, y: 16)
+                    )
+                    .overlay(
+                        RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 16)
+                            .stroke(.white.opacity(0.16), lineWidth: 1)
+                    )
+                }
+                .frame(width: proxy.size.width, height: proxy.size.height)
+                .transition(.scale(scale: 0.96).combined(with: .opacity))
+                .zIndex(650)
+            }
+        }
+        .ignoresSafeArea()
+        .allowsHitTesting(smartStartNotice != nil)
+    }
     private var flatGrid: some View {
         ScrollViewReader { proxy in
             ScrollView {
@@ -514,6 +837,10 @@
                             showNames: !hideAppNames,
                             dragModeActive: appDragModeActive,
                             onDragModeChange: { setAppDragMode($0) },
+                            onBubbleHover: handleBubbleHover,
+                            onEditNote: beginEditingBubbleNote,
+                            bubbleDisabled: appBubbleDisabled,
+                            hoveredAppItemID: $hoveredAppItemID,
                             onDropApp: { path, source, copy in
                                 dropApp(path: path, sourceTag: source, targetTag: group.name, copy: copy)
                             }
@@ -614,6 +941,11 @@
                         sourceTag: group.name,
                         dragModeActive: appDragModeActive,
                         onDragModeChange: { setAppDragMode($0) },
+                        onBubbleHover: handleBubbleHover,
+                        onEditNote: beginEditingBubbleNote,
+                        bubbleDisabled: appBubbleDisabled,
+                        itemID: "\(group.name)|\(app.path.path)",
+                        hoveredAppItemID: $hoveredAppItemID,
                         onSelect: { openApp(app) }
                     )
                 }
@@ -640,11 +972,11 @@
             .allowsHitTesting(false)
         }
         .shadow(color: .black.opacity((isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessActive ? 0.22 : 0),
-                radius: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessActive ? 18 : 0,
-                y: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessActive ? 10 : 0)
-        .scaleEffect(isColored && isHovered ? 1.015 : 1.0)
-        .animation(.spring(response: 0.25, dampingFraction: 0.82), value: isHovered)
-        .animation(.spring(response: 0.25, dampingFraction: 0.82), value: isColorlessFilled)
+                radius: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessActive ? 8 : 0,
+                y: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessActive ? 3 : 0)
+        .zIndex(isHovered ? 50 : 0)
+        .animation(.easeOut(duration: 0.045), value: isHovered)
+        .animation(.easeOut(duration: 0.08), value: isColorlessFilled)
         .onHover { hovering in
             if isColored || isColorless {
                 hoveredContainer = hovering ? group.name : nil
@@ -848,6 +1180,11 @@
                                 sourceTag: group.name,
                                 dragModeActive: appDragModeActive,
                                 onDragModeChange: { setAppDragMode($0) },
+                                onBubbleHover: handleBubbleHover,
+                                onEditNote: beginEditingBubbleNote,
+                                bubbleDisabled: appBubbleDisabled,
+                                itemID: "\(group.name)|\(app.path.path)",
+                                hoveredAppItemID: $hoveredAppItemID,
                                 onSelect: { openApp(app) }
                             )
                                 .frame(width: cellWidth)
@@ -886,11 +1223,11 @@
             .allowsHitTesting(false)
         }
         .shadow(color: .black.opacity((isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessGridActive ? 0.22 : 0),
-                radius: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessGridActive ? 18 : 0,
-                y: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessGridActive ? 10 : 0)
-        .scaleEffect(isColored && isHovered ? 1.015 : 1.0)
-        .animation(.spring(response: 0.25, dampingFraction: 0.82), value: isHovered)
-        .animation(.spring(response: 0.25, dampingFraction: 0.82), value: isColorlessFilled)
+                radius: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessGridActive ? 8 : 0,
+                y: (isColored && isHovered) || isColorlessGridActive ? 3 : 0)
+        .zIndex(isHovered ? 50 : 0)
+        .animation(.easeOut(duration: 0.045), value: isHovered)
+        .animation(.easeOut(duration: 0.08), value: isColorlessFilled)
         .onHover { hovering in
             if isColored || isColorlessGrid {
                 hoveredContainer = hovering ? group.name : nil
@@ -958,29 +1295,29 @@
 
     private var editAppsView: some View {
         VStack(spacing: 0) {
-            HStack {
-                Button { cancelEditApps(); setEditPhase(.none) } label: {
-                    Label(tr("edit.exit"), systemImage: "rectangle.portrait.and.arrow.right")
-                        .font(.system(size: 12))
-                }
-                .buttonStyle(.bordered)
-                Spacer()
-                Text(tr("edit.title")).font(.headline)
-                Spacer()
-                Button(tr("edit.confirm")) { confirmAssign() }
-                    .buttonStyle(.borderedProminent)
-                    .disabled(selectedAppPaths.isEmpty)
-            }
-            .padding(.horizontal, 24)
-            .padding(.top, notchHeight > 0 ? notchHeight + 10 : 20)
-            .padding(.bottom, 12)
+            EditAppsHeaderView(
+                operation: editTagOperation,
+                hintText: editModeHintText,
+                confirmTitle: editConfirmTitle,
+                isConfirmDisabled: selectedAppPaths.isEmpty || pendingOperationTagNames.isEmpty,
+                notchHeight: notchHeight,
+                onExit: {
+                    cancelEditApps()
+                    setEditPhase(.none)
+                },
+                onSelectOperation: setEditTagOperation,
+                onConfirm: confirmAssign
+            )
 
             Divider().opacity(0.3)
 
             HStack(spacing: 0) {
                 VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
-                    Text(tr("edit.selectTags")).font(.caption).foregroundStyle(.secondary).padding(.bottom, 4)
-                    Text(tr("edit.dragHint")).font(.caption2).foregroundStyle(.tertiary).padding(.bottom, 2)
+                    EditAppsSidebarIntroView(
+                        width: editSidebarWidth,
+                        horizontalInset: editSidebarHorizontalInset
+                    )
+
                     ScrollView(.vertical, showsIndicators: false) {
                         VStack(spacing: 4) {
                             ForEach(sortedTagNames, id: \.self) { tagName in
@@ -1005,8 +1342,9 @@
                             tagReorderFrames = frames
                         }
                     }
-                    .frame(width: 155)
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: .topLeading)
                 }
+                .frame(width: editSidebarWidth, alignment: .topLeading)
                 Rectangle().fill(.secondary.opacity(0.12)).frame(width: 1)
 
                 if allApps.isEmpty {
@@ -1016,29 +1354,19 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            if let msg = successToast {
-                Text(msg).font(.headline)
-                    .padding(.horizontal, 20).padding(.vertical, 10)
-                    .background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10).fill(.ultraThickMaterial))
-                    .transition(.move(edge: .bottom).combined(with: .opacity))
-                    .onAppear {
-                        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1.5) {
-                            withAnimation { successToast = nil }
-                        }
-                    }
-            }
         }
     }
 
     private var editAppsGrid: some View {
         ScrollView {
             LazyVStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 24) {
-                ForEach(groups) { group in
+                ForEach(editGroups) { group in
                     editFlatGroup(group)
                 }
             }
             .padding(20)
         }
+        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity, alignment: .topLeading)
     }
 
     private func editFlatGroup(_ group: TagGroup) -> some View {
@@ -1067,31 +1395,35 @@
             ) {
                 ForEach(group.apps) { app in editableAppItem(app) }
             }
+            .frame(minHeight: group.apps.isEmpty ? max(52, iconSize + 12) : 0)
         }
     }
 
     private func selectableTagItem(_ tagName: String) -> some View {
         let isSelected = selectedTagNames.contains(tagName)
-        return HStack(spacing: 6) {
-            Circle()
-                .fill(isSelected ? Color.accentColor : Color.secondary.opacity(0.3))
-                .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
-                .overlay(isSelected ? Image(systemName: "checkmark").font(.system(size: 8, weight: .bold)).foregroundStyle(.white) : nil)
-            Text(tagName).font(.system(size: 13, weight: .medium)).foregroundStyle(.primary)
-        }
-        .padding(.horizontal, 10).padding(.vertical, 5)
-        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
-        .background(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 6)
-            .fill(Color(nsColor: TagColor.nsColor(for: tagColors[tagName] ?? 0).withAlphaComponent(0.3))))
-        .contentShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 6))
-        .onTapGesture {
-            if isSelected { selectedTagNames.remove(tagName) } else { selectedTagNames.insert(tagName) }
+        let isRemovableCandidate = removableTagNames.contains(tagName)
+        let isUncommon = tagName == TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey
+        let colorIndex = isUncommon ? 0 : (tagColors[tagName] ?? 0)
+        return EditSelectableTagItem(
+            tagName: tagName,
+            displayName: displayTagName(tagName),
+            colorIndex: colorIndex,
+            operation: editTagOperation,
+            isSelected: isSelected,
+            isRemovableCandidate: isRemovableCandidate
+        ) {
+            if isSelected {
+                selectedTagNames.remove(tagName)
+            } else {
+                selectedTagNames.insert(tagName)
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private func tagReorderGesture(for tagName: String) -> some Gesture {
         DragGesture(minimumDistance: 4, coordinateSpace: .named("tagReorderList"))
             .onChanged { value in
+                guard canReorderTag(tagName) else { return }
                 if dragItem == nil {
                     dragItem = tagName
                 }
@@ -1099,6 +1431,7 @@
                 reorderDraggedTag(at: value.location)
             }
             .onEnded { _ in
+                guard canReorderTag(tagName) else { return }
                 dragItem = nil
                 TagEditor.reorderTags(draggedTagNames)
             }
@@ -1116,46 +1449,45 @@
             let destination = toIndex > fromIndex ? toIndex + 1 : toIndex
             draggedTagNames.move(fromOffsets: IndexSet(integer: fromIndex), toOffset: destination)
         }
-        TagEditor.reorderTags(draggedTagNames)
     }
 
     private func confirmAssign() {
-        guard !selectedAppPaths.isEmpty else { return }
-        let paths = selectedAppPaths.map { $0.path }
-        let tags = sortedTagNames.filter { selectedTagNames.contains($0) }
-        TagEditor.setTags(tags, to: paths)
-        selectedAppPaths = []; selectedTagNames = []
+        let selectedApps = allApps.filter { selectedAppPaths.contains($0.path) }
+        let tags = pendingOperationTagNames
+        guard !selectedApps.isEmpty, !tags.isEmpty else { return }
+
+        let paths = selectedApps.map { $0.path.path }
+        let feedback = buildEditActionFeedback(for: selectedApps, tags: tags)
+
+        switch editTagOperation {
+        case .add:
+            TagEditor.appendTags(tags, to: paths)
+        case .remove:
+            TagEditor.removeTags(tags, from: paths)
+        }
+        selectedAppPaths = []
+        selectedTagNames = []
+        removableTagNames = []
         refreshApps()
-        withAnimation { successToast = tr("edit.success") }
+        showEditActionFeedback(feedback)
     }
 
     private func cancelEditApps() {
-        selectedAppPaths = []; selectedTagNames = []
+        selectedAppPaths = []
+        selectedTagNames = []
+        removableTagNames = []
+        editTagOperation = .add
     }
 
     private func editableAppItem(_ app: AppInfo) -> some View {
         let isSelected = selectedAppPaths.contains(app.path)
-        return Button {
+        return EditableAppSelectionItem(
+            app: app,
+            iconSize: iconSize,
+            isSelected: isSelected
+        ) {
             toggleEditableAppSelection(app)
-        } label: {
-            VStack(spacing: 4) {
-                ZStack(alignment: .topTrailing) {
-                    Image(nsImage: app.icon).resizable().aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
-                        .frame(width: iconSize, height: iconSize)
-                    Circle()
-                        .fill(isSelected ? Color.accentColor : Color.secondary.opacity(0.3))
-                        .frame(width: 20, height: 20)
-                        .overlay(isSelected ? Image(systemName: "checkmark").font(.system(size: 10, weight: .bold)).foregroundStyle(.white) : nil)
-                        .offset(x: 6, y: -6)
-                }
-                Text(app.name).font(.system(size: 11, weight: .medium)).lineLimit(1).truncationMode(.tail)
-                    .frame(maxWidth: iconSize + 20)
-            }
-            .padding(.vertical, 8).padding(.horizontal, 4)
-            .contentShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10))
-            .opacity(isSelected ? 1.0 : 0.65)
         }
-        .buttonStyle(.plain)
     }
 
     private func toggleEditableAppSelection(_ app: AppInfo) {
@@ -1168,20 +1500,310 @@
     }
 
     private func syncSelectedTagsFromSelectedApps() {
-        let selectedApps = allApps.filter { selectedAppPaths.contains($0.path) }
-        guard !selectedApps.isEmpty else {
+        guard !selectedAppPaths.isEmpty else {
             selectedTagNames = []
+            removableTagNames = []
             return
         }
 
-        let editableTags = Set(sortedTagNames)
-        if selectedApps.count == 1 {
-            selectedTagNames = Set(selectedApps[0].tags.filter { editableTags.contains($0) })
+        guard editTagOperation == .remove else {
+            removableTagNames = []
             return
         }
 
-        selectedTagNames = selectedApps.reduce(into: Set<String>()) { result, app in
-            result.formUnion(app.tags.filter { editableTags.contains($0) })
+        let selectedApps = allApps.filter { selectedAppPaths.contains($0.path) }
+        let autoSelectedTags = selectedApps.reduce(into: Set<String>()) { result, app in
+            result.formUnion(app.tags)
+            if app.isUncommon {
+                result.insert(TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey)
+            }
+        }
+        removableTagNames = autoSelectedTags
+        selectedTagNames = autoSelectedTags
+    }
+
+    private var editConfirmTitle: String {
+        switch editTagOperation {
+        case .add:
+            return tr("edit.confirmAdd")
+        case .remove:
+            return tr("edit.confirmRemove")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func setEditTagOperation(_ mode: EditTagOperation) {
+        guard editTagOperation != mode else { return }
+        editTagOperation = mode
+        if mode == .add {
+            selectedTagNames = []
+            removableTagNames = []
+        } else {
+            syncSelectedTagsFromSelectedApps()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var pendingOperationTagNames: [String] {
+        switch editTagOperation {
+        case .add:
+            return sortedTagNames.filter { selectedTagNames.contains($0) }
+        case .remove:
+            return sortedTagNames.filter { removableTagNames.contains($0) && !selectedTagNames.contains($0) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var editModeHintText: String {
+        editTagOperation == .remove ? tr("edit.removeHint") : tr("edit.modeHint")
+    }
+
+    private var editActionFeedbackOverlay: some View {
+        GeometryReader { proxy in
+            if let feedback = editActionFeedback {
+                ZStack {
+                    Color.black.opacity(0.08)
+                        .ignoresSafeArea()
+
+                    EditActionFeedbackBubble(
+                        title: feedback.title,
+                        message: feedback.message,
+                        onClose: dismissEditActionFeedback
+                    )
+                    .frame(width: min(760, max(360, proxy.size.width - 120)))
+                    .position(x: proxy.size.width / 2, y: proxy.size.height / 2)
+                    .transition(.scale(scale: 0.94).combined(with: .opacity))
+                }
+                .zIndex(700)
+            }
+        }
+        .ignoresSafeArea()
+        .allowsHitTesting(editActionFeedback != nil)
+    }
+
+    private var uncategorizedDropConfirmOverlay: some View {
+        GeometryReader { proxy in
+            if let pendingDrop = pendingUncategorizedDrop {
+                ZStack {
+                    Color.black.opacity(0.14)
+                        .ignoresSafeArea()
+
+                    UncategorizedDropConfirmBubble(
+                        title: tr("drop.uncategorizedConfirmTitle"),
+                        message: uncategorizedConfirmMessage(for: pendingDrop),
+                        cancelTitle: tr("tag.cancel"),
+                        confirmTitle: tr("edit.confirm"),
+                        onCancel: dismissUncategorizedDropConfirm,
+                        onConfirm: confirmPendingUncategorizedDrop
+                    )
+                    .frame(width: min(540, max(340, proxy.size.width - 120)))
+                    .position(x: proxy.size.width / 2, y: proxy.size.height / 2)
+                    .transition(.scale(scale: 0.94).combined(with: .opacity))
+                }
+                .zIndex(710)
+            }
+        }
+        .ignoresSafeArea()
+        .allowsHitTesting(pendingUncategorizedDrop != nil)
+    }
+
+    private func buildEditActionFeedback(for selectedApps: [AppInfo], tags: [String]) -> EditActionFeedback {
+        let appNames = selectedApps.map(\.name)
+            .joined(separator: localizedListSeparator)
+
+        switch editTagOperation {
+        case .add:
+            let actualAddCount = selectedApps.reduce(into: 0) { count, app in
+                count += tags.reduce(into: 0) { subtotal, tagName in
+                    if !appHasTag(app, tagName: tagName) {
+                        subtotal += 1
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return EditActionFeedback(
+                title: tr("edit.confirmAdd"),
+                message: formattedFeedbackMessage(
+                    forKey: "edit.feedbackAddFormat",
+                    replacements: [
+                        "%appCount%": "\(selectedApps.count)",
+                        "%appNames%": appNames,
+                        "%tagCount%": "\(actualAddCount)"
+                    ]
+                )
+            )
+
+        case .remove:
+            let actualRemovedTagNames = tags.filter { tagName in
+                selectedApps.contains(where: { appHasTag($0, tagName: tagName) })
+            }
+            let actualRemoveCount = selectedApps.reduce(into: 0) { count, app in
+                count += tags.reduce(into: 0) { subtotal, tagName in
+                    if appHasTag(app, tagName: tagName) {
+                        subtotal += 1
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return EditActionFeedback(
+                title: tr("edit.confirmRemove"),
+                message: formattedFeedbackMessage(
+                    forKey: "edit.feedbackRemoveFormat",
+                    replacements: [
+                        "%appCount%": "\(selectedApps.count)",
+                        "%appNames%": appNames,
+                        "%tagCount%": "\(actualRemoveCount)",
+                        "%tagNames%": actualRemovedTagNames
+                            .map(displayTagName)
+                            .joined(separator: localizedListSeparator)
+                    ]
+                )
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func appHasTag(_ app: AppInfo, tagName: String) -> Bool {
+        if tagName == TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey {
+            return app.isUncommon
+        }
+        return app.tags.contains(tagName)
+    }
+
+    private func formattedFeedbackMessage(forKey key: String, replacements: [String: String]) -> String {
+        replacements.reduce(tr(key)) { partial, replacement in
+            partial.replacingOccurrences(of: replacement.key, with: replacement.value)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func showEditActionFeedback(_ feedback: EditActionFeedback) {
+        let feedbackID = feedback.id
+        withAnimation(.spring(response: 0.24, dampingFraction: 0.82)) {
+            editActionFeedback = feedback
+        }
+        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 2.6) {
+            guard editActionFeedback?.id == feedbackID else { return }
+            dismissEditActionFeedback()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func dismissEditActionFeedback() {
+        withAnimation(.easeOut(duration: 0.18)) {
+            editActionFeedback = nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func showSmartStartNotice(
+        mode: SmartStartNoticeMode,
+        summary: SmartStartSummary
+    ) {
+        let titleKey: String
+        let messageKey: String
+
+        switch mode {
+        case .autoApplied:
+            titleKey = "smartstart.auto.title"
+            messageKey = "smartstart.auto.messageFormat"
+        case .suggestionOnly:
+            titleKey = "smartstart.suggestion.title"
+            messageKey = "smartstart.suggestion.messageFormat"
+        case .manuallyApplied:
+            titleKey = "smartstart.applied.title"
+            messageKey = "smartstart.applied.messageFormat"
+        }
+
+        let notice = SmartStartNotice(
+            mode: mode,
+            title: tr(titleKey),
+            message: formattedFeedbackMessage(
+                forKey: messageKey,
+                replacements: [
+                    "%appCount%": "\(summary.matchedAppCount)",
+                    "%tagCount%": "\(summary.assignedTagCount)",
+                    "%createdTagCount%": "\(summary.createdTagCount)"
+                ]
+            ),
+            summary: summary
+        )
+
+        withAnimation(.spring(response: 0.28, dampingFraction: 0.86)) {
+            smartStartNotice = notice
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func handleSmartStartRunResult(_ result: SmartStartRunResult) {
+        switch result.mode {
+        case .none:
+            return
+        case .autoApplied:
+            pendingSmartStartDraft = nil
+            if let summary = result.summary {
+                showSmartStartNotice(mode: .autoApplied, summary: summary)
+            }
+        case .suggestionOnly:
+            pendingSmartStartDraft = result.draft
+            if let summary = result.summary {
+                showSmartStartNotice(mode: .suggestionOnly, summary: summary)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func applySmartStartSuggestion() {
+        guard let draft = pendingSmartStartDraft else {
+            dismissSmartStartNotice()
+            return
+        }
+
+        let scannedApps = allApps
+        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
+            let result = SmartStartService.applySuggestion(draft)
+            let store = result.store
+            let apps = TagEditor.annotate(apps: scannedApps, store: store)
+            let colors = store.tags.mapValues { $0.color }
+            let order = TagEditor.orderedTagNames()
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.async {
+                pendingSmartStartDraft = nil
+                allApps = apps
+                tagColors = colors
+                draggedTagNames = order
+                if let summary = result.summary {
+                    showSmartStartNotice(mode: .manuallyApplied, summary: summary)
+                } else {
+                    dismissSmartStartNotice()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func undoSmartStart() {
+        guard let backupPath = smartStartNotice?.summary.backupPath else {
+            dismissSmartStartNotice()
+            return
+        }
+
+        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
+            let restored = SmartStartService.restoreBackup(at: backupPath)
+            DispatchQueue.main.async {
+                pendingSmartStartDraft = nil
+                dismissSmartStartNotice()
+                if restored {
+                    refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: true)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func dismissSmartStartNotice() {
+        withAnimation(.easeOut(duration: 0.18)) {
+            smartStartNotice = nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var localizedListSeparator: String {
+        switch L10n.currentCode {
+        case "zh-Hans", "zh-Hant", "ja":
+            return "、"
+        case "ar", "ar-Najdi":
+            return "، "
+        default:
+            return ", "
         }
     }
 
@@ -1192,7 +1814,11 @@
         // Use user-defined order, fall back to alpha
         let ordered = draggedTagNames.filter { filtered.contains($0) }
         let remaining = filtered.filter { !ordered.contains($0) }.sorted()
-        return ordered + remaining
+        return ordered + remaining + [TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey]
+    }
+
+    private func displayTagName(_ tagName: String) -> String {
+        tagName == TagDatabase.uncommonTagKey ? tr("group.uncommon") : tagName
     }
 
     private var tagLabels: [TagLabel] {
@@ -1216,7 +1842,144 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private var editGroups: [TagGroup] {
+        groups + [
+            TagGroup(
+                name: tr("group.uncommon"),
+                apps: allApps.filter(\.isUncommon).sorted {
+                    $0.name.localizedStandardCompare($1.name) == .orderedAscending
+                }
+            )
+        ]
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Actions
+
+    private func refreshNotchHeight() {
+        let mousePoint = NSEvent.mouseLocation
+        let activeScreen = NSScreen.screens.first(where: {
+            NSMouseInRect(mousePoint, $0.frame, false)
+        }) ?? NSScreen.main
+        notchHeight = activeScreen?.safeAreaInsets.top ?? 0
+    }
+
+    private func handleBubbleHover(app: AppInfo, frame: CGRect, hovering: Bool) {
+        guard !appBubbleDisabled else {
+            clearAppBubbleState()
+            return
+        }
+        guard editingBubble == nil else { return }
+        if hovering {
+            hoveredBubble = AppBubbleContext(app: app, frame: frame)
+        } else if hoveredBubble?.app.path == app.path {
+            hoveredBubble = nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func beginEditingBubbleNote(app: AppInfo, frame: CGRect) {
+        guard !appBubbleDisabled else {
+            clearAppBubbleState()
+            return
+        }
+        bubbleDraftNote = currentNote(for: app)
+        hoveredBubble = nil
+        editingBubble = AppBubbleContext(app: app, frame: frame)
+        notifyAppNoteEditing(active: true)
+        DispatchQueue.main.async {
+            bubbleNoteFocused = true
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func commitBubbleNote() {
+        guard let context = editingBubble else { return }
+        let limited = String(bubbleDraftNote.prefix(TagDatabase.maxAppNoteLength))
+            .trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+        TagEditor.setAppNote(limited, for: context.app.path.path)
+        bubbleDraftNote = limited
+        editingBubble = nil
+        bubbleNoteFocused = false
+        notifyAppNoteEditing(active: false)
+        refreshApps()
+    }
+
+    private func dismissAppBubble() {
+        hoveredBubble = nil
+        if editingBubble != nil {
+            notifyAppNoteEditing(active: false)
+        }
+        editingBubble = nil
+        bubbleNoteFocused = false
+    }
+
+    private func clearAppBubbleState() {
+        hoveredAppItemID = nil
+        hoveredBubble = nil
+        if editingBubble != nil {
+            notifyAppNoteEditing(active: false)
+        }
+        editingBubble = nil
+        bubbleNoteFocused = false
+    }
+
+    private func notifyAppNoteEditing(active: Bool) {
+        NotificationCenter.default.post(
+            name: .tagLauncherAppNoteEditingChanged,
+            object: nil,
+            userInfo: ["active": active]
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func currentNote(for app: AppInfo) -> String {
+        if let latest = allApps.first(where: { $0.path == app.path })?.note {
+            return latest
+        }
+        return app.note ?? ""
+    }
+
+    private func bubblePlacement(for frame: CGRect, rootFrame: CGRect) -> BubblePlacement {
+        frame.minY < 170 ? .below : .above
+    }
+
+    private func bubbleMetrics(
+        for context: AppBubbleContext,
+        rootFrame: CGRect,
+        rootSize: CGSize,
+        width: CGFloat,
+        placement: BubblePlacement,
+        isEditing: Bool
+    ) -> AppBubbleMetrics {
+        let appCenterX = context.frame.midX
+        let halfWidth = width / 2
+        let centerX = min(max(appCenterX, halfWidth + 24), max(halfWidth + 24, rootSize.width - halfWidth - 24))
+        let estimatedHeight = estimatedBubbleHeight(for: context.app, width: width, isEditing: isEditing)
+        let gap: CGFloat = 16
+        let topY: CGFloat
+        if placement == .below {
+            topY = context.frame.maxY + gap
+        } else {
+            topY = context.frame.minY - estimatedHeight - gap
+        }
+        let clampedTopY = min(max(topY, 14), max(14, rootSize.height - estimatedHeight - 14))
+        let arrowX = min(max(appCenterX, centerX - halfWidth + 28), centerX + halfWidth - 28)
+        return AppBubbleMetrics(
+            centerX: centerX,
+            centerY: clampedTopY + estimatedHeight / 2,
+            arrowX: arrowX,
+            arrowOffset: arrowX - centerX
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func estimatedBubbleHeight(for app: AppInfo, width: CGFloat, isEditing: Bool) -> CGFloat {
+        if isEditing {
+            return 120
+        }
+        let note = currentNote(for: app).trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+        guard !note.isEmpty else { return 68 }
+        let contentWidth = max(160, width - 48)
+        let approxCharsPerLine = max(16, Int(contentWidth / 14))
+        let lines = min(4, max(1, Int(ceil(Double(note.count) / Double(approxCharsPerLine)))))
+        return 70 + CGFloat(lines) * 20
+    }
 
     func scrollTo(_ id: String) {
         withAnimation(.easeInOut(duration: 0.25)) { scrollProxy?.scrollTo(id, anchor: .top) }
@@ -1224,6 +1987,7 @@
 
     private func fillColorlessContainer(_ id: String) {
         guard isColorlessContainerMode else { return }
+        guard filledColorlessContainer != id else { return }
         filledColorlessContainer = id
     }
 
@@ -1253,8 +2017,6 @@
             .onChanged { value in
                 guard canReorderTag(tagName) else { return }
                 switch value {
-                case .first(true):
-                    beginTagNavReorder(tagName)
                 case .second(true, let drag?):
                     if tagNavDragItem == nil {
                         beginTagNavReorder(tagName)
@@ -1301,7 +2063,6 @@
             let destination = toIndex > fromIndex ? toIndex + 1 : toIndex
             draggedTagNames.move(fromOffsets: IndexSet(integer: fromIndex), toOffset: destination)
         }
-        TagEditor.reorderTags(draggedTagNames)
     }
 
     private func handleAppDrop(_ providers: [NSItemProvider], targetTag: String) -> Bool {
@@ -1333,10 +2094,17 @@
 
     private func dropApp(path: String, sourceTag: String, targetTag: String, copy: Bool) {
         appDragModeActive = false
-        guard !isSystemDefaultDropTarget(targetTag) else {
+
+        if isUncategorizedDropTarget(targetTag) {
+            confirmAndMoveAppToUncategorized(path: path)
+            return
+        }
+
+        guard !isAppleBuiltInDropTarget(targetTag) else {
             showDropWarning()
             return
         }
+
         guard tagColors[targetTag] != nil else { return }
         guard sourceTag != targetTag || copy else { return }
         TagEditor.moveApp(
@@ -1350,10 +2118,67 @@
         refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: true)
     }
 
-    private func isSystemDefaultDropTarget(_ targetTag: String) -> Bool {
+    private func confirmAndMoveAppToUncategorized(path: String) {
+        guard let app = allApps.first(where: { $0.path.path == path }) else { return }
+        let assignedTags = assignedRegularDisplayTags(for: app)
+        guard !assignedTags.isEmpty else { return }
+
+        clearAppBubbleState()
+        withAnimation(.spring(response: 0.24, dampingFraction: 0.84)) {
+            pendingUncategorizedDrop = PendingUncategorizedDrop(app: app, assignedTags: assignedTags)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func assignedRegularDisplayTags(for app: AppInfo) -> [String] {
+        var result: [String] = []
+        for tag in app.tags {
+            let name = displayTagName(tag)
+            if !result.contains(name) {
+                result.append(name)
+            }
+        }
+        return result
+    }
+
+    private func uncategorizedConfirmMessage(for pendingDrop: PendingUncategorizedDrop) -> String {
+        formattedFeedbackMessage(
+            forKey: "drop.uncategorizedConfirmMessage",
+            replacements: [
+                "%appName%": pendingDrop.app.name,
+                "%tagCount%": "\(pendingDrop.assignedTags.count)",
+                "%tagNames%": pendingDrop.assignedTags.joined(separator: localizedListSeparator)
+            ]
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func dismissUncategorizedDropConfirm() {
+        withAnimation(.easeOut(duration: 0.18)) {
+            pendingUncategorizedDrop = nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func confirmPendingUncategorizedDrop() {
+        guard let pendingDrop = pendingUncategorizedDrop else { return }
+        let path = pendingDrop.app.path.path
+        let tags = pendingDrop.app.tags
+        withAnimation(.easeOut(duration: 0.16)) {
+            pendingUncategorizedDrop = nil
+        }
+        TagEditor.removeTags(tags, from: [path])
+        showDropRefresh()
+        refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: true)
+    }
+
+    private func isUncategorizedDropTarget(_ targetTag: String) -> Bool {
         let defaultNames = [
             defaultGroupName,
-            tr("group.uncategorized"),
+            tr("group.uncategorized")
+        ]
+        return defaultNames.contains(targetTag)
+    }
+
+    private func isAppleBuiltInDropTarget(_ targetTag: String) -> Bool {
+        let defaultNames = [
             "Mac自带",
             tr("group.appleBuiltIn")
         ]
@@ -1391,6 +2216,10 @@
     }
 
     private func setAppDragMode(_ active: Bool) {
+        if active {
+            endTagNavReorder()
+            clearAppBubbleState()
+        }
         appDragModeActive = active
         if active {
             DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 8) {
@@ -1402,21 +2231,40 @@
     }
 
     func refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: Bool = false) {
+        guard !refreshInProgress else {
+            if forceLayoutRefresh {
+                refreshAgainAfterCurrent = true
+                refreshAgainForceLayout = true
+            }
+            return
+        }
+
+        refreshInProgress = true
         DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
-            var apps = AppIndexer.scan()
-            let store = TagDatabase.load()
-            apps = TagEditor.annotate(apps: apps)
+            let scannedApps = AppIndexer.scan()
+            let reconciledStore = TagEditor.reconcileScannedApps(scannedApps)
+            let smartStartResult = SmartStartService.runIfNeeded(
+                apps: scannedApps,
+                store: reconciledStore
+            )
+            let store = smartStartResult.store
+            let apps = TagEditor.annotate(apps: scannedApps, store: store)
             let colors = store.tags.mapValues { $0.color }
             let order = TagEditor.orderedTagNames()
             DispatchQueue.main.async {
                 allApps = apps
                 tagColors = colors
                 draggedTagNames = order
+                handleSmartStartRunResult(smartStartResult)
                 if forceLayoutRefresh {
-                    withAnimation(.spring(response: 0.28, dampingFraction: 0.86)) {
-                        layoutRefreshID = UUID()
-                    }
                     finishDropRefreshAfterMinimumDuration()
+                }
+                refreshInProgress = false
+                if refreshAgainAfterCurrent {
+                    let shouldForceLayout = refreshAgainForceLayout
+                    refreshAgainAfterCurrent = false
+                    refreshAgainForceLayout = false
+                    refreshApps(forceLayoutRefresh: shouldForceLayout)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1424,7 +2272,11 @@
 
     func openApp(_ app: AppInfo) {
         appDragModeActive = false
+        endTagNavReorder()
         hideOverlay()
+        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility).async {
+            TagEditor.recordLauncherOpen(for: app.path.path)
+        }
         let configuration = NSWorkspace.OpenConfiguration()
         NSWorkspace.shared.openApplication(at: app.path, configuration: configuration)
     }

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